The role of transistors in microelectronics

Transistors belong to the elementary components of computer systems. Therefore, they are also indispensable in DIY electronics projects. Within electronic circuits, transistors fulfill a special function: they amplify currents and voltages within a circuit. Transistors switch a working circuit with relatively low currents and voltages within a control circuit.

How bipolar transistors work

When we talk about a transistor, we usually refer to a so-called bipolar transistor. This active component consists of three semiconductor layers. Two n-doped layers (the collector and the emitter), separated by a very thin p-doped layer (the base). We speak of an npn-transistor with this construction and of a pnp-transistor with the opposite construction.

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